Exercise · ZW-BIPARTITE-GRAPH-010 · ★★★ Advanced
Can a graph with 9 vertices and 21 edges be bipartite ?
Choose one option.
A Yes: it just needs to have no loops B No: a bipartite graph on 9 vertices has at most 20 edges C Yes: \(K_{4,5}\) has 21 edges D No: a bipartite graph always has fewer edges than vertices
Show answer B. No: a bipartite graph on 9 vertices has at most 20 edges
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Explanation With parts \(a\) and \(9-a\) there is room for \(a(9-a)\le 4\cdot5=20\) edges, so 21 is impossible. \(K_{4,5}\) has exactly 20.
A bipartite graph is a graph \(G=(V,E)\) whose vertices split into two disjoint sets \(A\) and \(B\) so that every edge \(e\in E\) joins a vertex of \(A\) to one of \(B\).
\[V=A\cup B,\quad A\cap B=\varnothing,\quad |e\cap A|=1\ \text{ for every } e\in E\]
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