Holomorphy is needed on the whole enclosed region, boundary included, and \(z_0\) must be in the interior. If \(z_0\) is outside, the integral is zero; if it lies on \(C\), the integrand is undefined.
The Cauchy integral formula gives the value of a holomorphic function \(f\) at a point \(z_0\) inside a simple closed contour \(C\) by means of an integral of \(f\) over \(C\).